In recent years, people's requirements for light weight, low fuel consumption, impact resistance and safety of automobiles have been continuously improved, and plastics have been increasingly used in the automotive industry. In the automotive field, a large number of engineering plastics are used to replace expensive non-ferrous metals and alloys, which improves the appearance and design flexibility of the car, reduces the cost of parts processing, assembly and maintenance, greatly reduces the weight of the car, and reduces energy consumption.
Most of the applications in the automotive field are reinforced and toughened nylon, which are mainly used in the following five aspects:
1. Nylon engineering plastics are used in automotive electrical components, such as electrical wiring, binding posts, central electrical boards, tracking headlights, headlight regulators and lamp housings;
2. Nylon engineering plastics are used in engines, cylinder head covers, engine decorative covers, engine covers, engine water tank covers, fans, and intake manifolds. In 1990, BMW used glass fiber reinforced nylon intake manifolds for the first time for six cylinders in the engine.
3. Nylon engineering plastics are used for fuel tanks, oil filters, and oil pipes;
4. Nylon engineering plastics are used for body parts, such as lift doors, seats, fans, radiator grilles, wipers;
5. Nylon engineering plastics are used for other stressed parts, driving and control parts of automobile body, turbo adjustment device, helical gear adjustment device, brake transmission, electric throttle, AMT selection and shift actuator worm gear, power steering gear, Shock-absorbing drives, etc. The use of nylon alloy can also improve the corrosion resistance of the outer plate, and has a certain recovery in the event of a collision.
NSK replaces metal gears for washing machine drives, vibration damping drives for ventilation and air conditioning systems, valve drives in mobile facilities, printers, automatic sweepers in common rooms, the flame-retardant modified nylon can also be used for wiring boards, electrical connectors, cables, etc.
Compared with metal mechanical parts, the research on nylon is relatively late, and people's understanding of nylon mechanical parts is not in-depth, but they are only imitating the improvement of metal components. However, blind imitation will not work. Unlike metal materials, nylon does not follow Hooke's law and exhibits viscoelasticity. Its mechanical model and related parameters are very different from those of metal materials.
The mechanical properties of nylon engineering plastics are related to the force application method and force application time, so its deformation is irregular and extremely complicated. The viscoelasticity of nylon is of great significance to the device, and the static viscoelasticity is manifested as creep and stress relaxation; when the temperature increases due to friction and collision, the deformation due to viscoelasticity is more obvious. The fatigue resistance, wear resistance, impact resistance, noise reduction and vibration reduction of the device are related to the viscoelasticity of nylon.
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