1. Reinforcement: increase the rigidity and strength of materials by adding fibrous or flake fillers such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, and mica powder, such as glass fiber reinforced nylon used in electric tools.
2. Toughening: by adding rubber, thermoplastic elastomer and other substances to plastics to improve their toughness, such as toughened polypropylene commonly used in automobiles, household appliances and industrial applications.
3. Blending: the method of uniformly mixing two or more incompletely compatible polymer materials into a mixture of macro compatibility and micro phase separation to meet some requirements on physical and mechanical properties, optical properties, processing properties, etc.
4. Alloy: it is similar to blending, but has good compatibility between components, easy to form homogeneous system, and can obtain some properties that can not be achieved by a single component, such as PC / ABS alloy, or PS modified PPO.
5. Filling: the purpose of improving physical and mechanical properties or reducing costs is achieved by adding fillers to plastics.
6. Other modifications: for example, conductive fillers are used to reduce the resistivity of plastics; Antioxidants are added to improve the weather resistance of materials; Adding dye to change the color of the material and lubricant to improve the processability of the material. Nucleating agent is used to change the crystallization characteristics of semi crystalline plastics to improve its mechanical and optical properties.
In addition to the above physical modification methods, there are also methods to modify plastics by chemical reaction to obtain specific properties, such as maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, cross-linking of polyethylene, degradation of resin by peroxide in textile industry to improve fluidity.
A variety of modification methods are often used in industry. For example, in the process of plastic reinforcement and modification, rubber and other toughening agents are added at the same time in order to not lose more impact strength; Or in the production of thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), there are physical mixing and chemical crosslinking at the same time.
In fact, any kind of plastic raw material contains at least a certain proportion of stabilizer when leaving the factory to prevent its degradation in storage, transportation and processing. Therefore, the strict sense of "non modified plastics" does not exist. However, in industry, the basic resin produced by chemical plants is usually called "non modified plastics" or "pure resin".
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